腰背痛的常見成因

由於日積月累的磨損，椎間盤會開始脫出或崩潰，從而增加在神經線的壓力，導致一隻腿或腳出現痛楚(坐骨神經痛)。

這個問題可能因為以下的情況加重：譬如椎管變窄(椎管狹窄症spinal stenosis)或椎骨移位(脊椎滑脫症spondylolisthesis)。您還可以因為不正當提舉重物、跌倒或突然腰部扭轉，引起腰背痛。大多數由這些原因引起的腰背痛都和肌肉過勞有關，並且會在幾個星期內消失。

脊柱的平衡結構由韌帶、軟骨和肌肉所維持。這些組織圍攏並保護脊髓膜和那些分枝到小腿、手臂以及身體各部的神經線。

椎間盤脫出 (herniation)可以引致腰背痛和坐骨神經痛 (sciatica)—一種位於小腿的麻庳痛。它也可以導致腿部肌肉無力。

當椎骨正常排列時，脊髓會收藏在由椎板(lamina)造成的空間中。神經線通過兩塊椎骨間的開孔(foramina)伸展至您的手腳。

連於椎骨的肌肉和韌帶，需要在良好的狀態下才能讓脊椎承受每日活動的重擔。有一個平衡、靈活的脊椎讓您較少機會患上腰酸背痛，也較少需要接受治療。

參考資料: http://hkoa.org

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，應向自己的骨科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

Spine Navigation Surgery

Spine Navigation Surgery was introduced since year 2000 and adapted in Hong Kong for more than 5 years. Similar technology was widely used in driving, computer games (like Wii),etc. The image-based technology used in spinal surgery utilizes scans of the patient's anatomy and instruments that are tracked by the Navigation System's camera. Navigation can help orthopaedic surgeon to guide their instruments for precise screw placement and reduce X-ray exposure.

Spine navigation surgery - Applications

Orthopaedic doctor will undergo proper diagnosis and evaluation before recommendation of surgery. Generally, the spine navigation surgery is applicable for common spinal disorders and especially for surgical position that require precise screw placement. For example,

1.      Patient requires re-operation due to operation failure. 

2.      Surgical position is worn out or delicate, such as osteoporotic patients.

3.      Surgical position is located in hard-to-reach area, like neck, distorted vertebrate, pedicle of vertebral arch.

Reference information: www.ispine.com.hk

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your orthopedic doctors for diagnosis and treatment.

腰椎骨手術前的預備

手術前你可能被要求停止服用某些藥物並且停止抽煙。根據您的年齡和身體狀況，你可能被你的家庭醫生要求進行一次一般性的身體檢查。

患者通常會在手術的那天入院。在入院以後，您將會被帶到術前準備區域。麻醉科醫生會回顧您的病史和體格檢查報告。他會和您討論使用那種類型的麻醉方式。病人有時會在手術之前七天內的麻醉科門診裡進行以上的評估。腰背手術最常見的麻醉類型為全身麻醉(整個手術您是睡著的)或脊髓麻醉。


視乎您的腰背問題而定，手術通常需要一個到三個小時。您的骨科醫生會將躺在神經線上面的部份骨頭和韌帶取去，再將脫出的椎間盤切除，解除神經線的壓力。如果同時有椎骨移位(脊椎滑脫症spondylolisthesis)的話，脊椎融合手術有時會同時進行。


當手術完成後，您將被移到復甦室，由護士觀察和監測您的狀況，直到您的從麻醉中清醒過來。您會有一條靜脈注射管(Intravenous IV)在您的手臂裡。您可能還有一條導尿管插入您的膀胱，使排尿更加容易。當您完全清醒以後，您會被送到病房。您的靜脈注射管和導尿管以後將會被移除。

參考資料: http://hkoa.org

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，應向自己的骨科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

認識背部的構造

90%左右的下背痛患者，從發作到完全地康復在大約衹需要六個星期，而另外10%患者，長期的下背痛卻總是乾擾著日常生活、甚至令人感到沮喪。下背痛的原因极為復雜的而且難以判斷，以下文章幫助我們評估疼痛的來源，進而正確地擬定治療對策。

 

背部的構造簡單可分為:

 

軟組織：肌肉、韌帶和肌腱。

脊椎骨：提供脊髓支撐的結構積木，其中又有小關節麵聯接，允許脊椎移動。

椎間盤：圓盤狀構造、承受來自于身體的重量，噹身體受到強烈的外力沖擊時更可以有效吸收分散壓力，避免神經肌肉係統受到損害。

神經係統：除了脊椎骨中受到充分保護的脊髓之外，另有神經根分支從椎間孔穿岀往下支配雙腿和腳的活動與知覺。

參考資料: www.ispine.com.hk

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，應向自己的骨科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

Back pain - Surgery & Physical therapy

A physical therapist can apply a variety of treatments, such as heat, ice, ultrasound, electrical stimulation and muscle-release techniques, to your back muscles and soft tissues to reduce pain. As pain improves, the therapist can teach you specific exercises to increase your flexibility, strengthen your back and abdominal muscles, and improve your posture. Regular use of these techniques will help prevent pain from returning.






Surgery
Types of back surgery include:

• Spine navigation surgery. It is a new techniques that can enhance the precision in the surgical regions, reduce the surgical time, reduce radiation exposures to patients and surgeon. Increase safety and accuracy through more precise screw placement and enables minimally invasive approaches.
• Partial removal of disk. If disk material is pressing or squeezing a nerve, your orthopaedics doctor may be able to remove just the portion of the disk that's causing the problem.
• Partial removal of a vertebra. If your spine has developed bony growths that are pinching your spinal cord or nerves, orthopaedics surgeons can remove a small section of the offending vertebra, to open up the passage.
• Fusion. This surgery involves joining two vertebrae to eliminate painful movement. A drawback to the procedure is that it increases the chances of arthritis developing in adjoining vertebrae.

Reference information: www.stryker.com

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your orthopedic doctors for diagnosis and treatment.