預防背痛

先要建立標準的日常姿勢，藉由良好姿勢，可以設法降低背痛之產生。

 1. 站：應避免背部過度彎曲。正確的站姿是抬頭、挺胸、背部挺直、收縮小腹。如小腹突出或長時間穿高跟鞋，會使腰椎向前凸，增加腰椎的壓力，所以女性不宜穿一吋高鞋跟以上之鞋子。長時間站立，需讓腰椎休息，可將背部呈垂直線靠於牆上，腹部向內收，臀部向下，膝彎曲，或將一腳用矮凳抬高。如洗衣、洗碗、燙衣服的姿勢，都可以一腳用矮凳抬高。

 2. 走路：腳尖朝前，重心在足掌中心而不是內外側大小趾上。行走姿勢是最深切影響全身直線架構的。通常足掌內外八字的人，都會有輕或重的腰酸背痛。

 3. 坐：採坐姿時，翹腳且腹部用力，讓背部保持平直。坐椅為支撐背部腰椎部分，應使用外型適當的坐椅以直背硬椅為宜。並應避免彎腰駝背在過於舒適的椅子而使頸部、背部肌肉不當受力。正確的坐姿是兩腳平踏地面，背部平靠椅背，臀部坐滿整個椅子。

駕駛員的姿勢儘量將背及腰部靠在座椅上，座椅靠背的角度約115度為宜。由於椅子太高，兩腳懸空時，會使腰椎向前凸，可在腳下放小矮凳。當由坐姿站起來時，須將臀部先向前移動，然後再站起來。應避免過度向前彎腰站立。

 4. 躺：躺臥時，床舖的選擇非常重要，太軟太硬的床對腰椎都會造成壓力。最好選用木板床上墊一層褥子或榻榻米。枕頭高度正好讓頭與肩膀平行，雙肩自然舒適彎曲放置在身前床面上。切不可以手枕著頭而睡，因會造成背肌過度伸展。正確睡姿是側睡，雙膝微彎，兩腿間夾一個枕頭。

如果要仰臥，就要在膝下墊個枕頭，這樣可以減少腰椎前凸。俯臥會使腰椎向前凸而增加腰椎之壓力故應避免。

參考資料: www.painless.idv.tw
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，應向自己的骨科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

Coping skills are extremely important in the management of chronic back pain

Medications used for treatment of pain are multiple and varied. They fall into several different categories. Both non-narcotic and, rarely, narcotic pain medications may be used in the treatment of chronic back pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are helpful with pain control and may help reduce inflammation. Muscle relaxants can also help with chronic pain and may enhance the effects of other pain medications. Nerve stabilizing drugs (antidepressants and antiseizure medications) are used to treat nerve-mediated pain. All these medications have different side effect profiles and interactions, and should be carefully monitored by a physician.

Coping skills are extremely important in the management of chronic back pain. Chronic pain directly affects all areas of a patient’s life. Pain affects mood, and a patient’s mood affects his or her ability to cope with pain. Pain also affects how patients interact with other people. For this reason, teaching patients appropriate coping skills for dealing with anxiety, depression, irritability and frustration can be invaluable. Involvement of a trained pain specialist, psychologist or psychiatrist greatly enhances the treatment of chronic back pain.

Procedures ranging from minimally invasive injections to surgery may be used to manage chronic pain. Sometimes, implantable devices, such as a spinal cord stimulator, are beneficial in managing chronic pain. The patient, with the help of his or her physician, should discuss the potential risks and benefits of any procedures considered. A second opinion may provide additional information or alternative approaches to managing your condition.

Complementary medicine also offers a variety of treatments, often helpful in the treatment of chronic pain. These treatments include acupuncture, dry needling, nutritional therapy, use of magnets and many others. It is important for a patient to discuss these treatments with his or her treating physician, to ensure that there are no harmful effects and that they do not interfere with other treatments being prescribed.

Reference information: http://www.knowyourback.org, www.ispine.com.hk

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your orthopedic doctors for diagnosis and treatment.

What treatments are available?

Treatments for chronic back pain can vary greatly depending on the type and source of the pain. If a treatable source of the pain is found, then the underlying process can be addressed. When the underlying cause is either not specifically identifiable or not amenable to treatment, then the symptoms are treated. The goals of the treatment are to reduce pain, improve quality of life and increase function.

There are several different general categories of treatment that are usually recommended for chronic back pain. These categories include physical therapy, medications, coping skills, procedures and alternative medicine treatments. The treating physician will tailor a program involving a combination of these options to address the patient’s needs. Involvement of a physician with special training in chronic pain management may be advisable in some cases.

Physical therapy includes patient education, and patient training in a variety of stretching and strengthening exercises, manual therapies and modalities (ice, heat, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [TENS], ultrasound, etc.). Active therapies which the patient can continue on his or her own (such as exercise and strengthening) usually have the most permanent and long lasting effects. A home exercise program (HEP) is usually in place before the patient is discharged from therapy. Exercise and strengthening are designed to increase stability and strength around the structures in the back that are being stressed. These techniques also work to avoid deconditioning that results from decreased activity. Exercises are tailored specifically to the patient and the type of back pain being addressed.The goal of educating the patient is to prevent progressive loss of activity because of fear of movement.

Reference information: http://www.knowyourback.org, www.ispine.com.hk

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your orthopedic doctors for diagnosis and treatment.

How is chronic low back pain diagnosed?

As mentioned earlier, chronic low back pain is defined as back pain that lasts greater than three months. During the evaluation of chronic back pain, the goal is to rule out any injuries or disease processes that place the patient at risk of further injury if not treated or addressed. In addition, a specialist will consider diagnoses that can be treated in order to reduce the pain. A good patient history and a thorough physical examination by a well-trained physician are the most important aspects of the evaluation. Serious injuries and illnesses can often be diagnosed or ruled out based on the history and physical exam alone. Lack of a definite diagnosis does not necessarily mean more testing is needed. Needless tests do not add anything to what the physician has already discovered in his or her physical examination and review of previously performed studies and treatments. In fact, unnecessary testing is not only expensive to the patient, but can expose the patient to unnecessary risks or radiation.

If the treating physician feels that more testing is needed based on the patient’s history and physical exam findings, he or she will discuss this with the patient. Testing may include blood tests, radiography (X-ray imaging), bone scans, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diagnostic injections, electromyography (EMG) and many other specialized tests.

Often, the exact cause of the pain is still not well defined at the end of the evaluation. Nevertheless an evaluation is successful if it has ruled out those processes that place the patient at risk if they are not treated.Reference information: http://www.knowyourback.org , www.ispine.com.hk

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your orthopedic doctors for diagnosis and treatment.

What is Chronic Low Back Pain?

Low back pain is considered to be chronic if it has been present for greater than three months. Chronic low back pain may originate from an injury, disease or stresses on different structures of the body. The type of pain may vary greatly and may be felt as bone pain, nerve pain or muscle pain. The sensation of pain may also vary. For instance, pain may be achey, burning, stabbing or tingling, sharp or dull, and well-defined or vague. The intensity may range from mild to severe.

Many times, the source of the pain is not known or cannot be specifically identified. In fact, in many instances, the condition or injury that triggered the pain may be completely healed and undetectable, but the pain may still continue to bother the patient. Nevertheless, even if the original cause of the pain is healed or unclear, the pain felt by the patient is real and the treating physician knows this.

Chronic low back pain may be the result by many different conditions. It may start from diseases, injuries or stresses to a number of different anatomic structures including bones, muscles, ligaments, joints, nerves or the spinal cord. The affected structure sends a signal through nerve endings, up the spinal cord and into the brain where it registers as pain.

A number of different theories have developed to try to explain chronic pain but the exact mechanism is not completely understood. In general, it is believed that the nerve pathways that carry the pain signals from the nerve endings through the spinal cord and to the brain may become sensitized. Sensitization of these pathways may increase the frequency or intensity with which pain is perceived. A stimulus that is usually not painful, such as light touch, can be amplified or changed by these sensitized pathways and experienced as pain. Sometimes, even after the original injury or disease process has healed, sensitized pathways continue to send signals to the brain. These signals feel just as real and sometimes worse than the pain caused by the original injury or disease process

Reference information: http://www.knowyourback.org, www.hongkong-orthopaedics.com

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your orthopedic doctors for diagnosis and treatment.