骨刺很可怕嗎？(下)

 

 

腿部麻痹必须留意

約有八成的成年人在一生中會遇到一次嚴重的腰痛，如果疼痛並非持續性，則可以透過注意姿勢以及增加適量的運動去改善；然而，如果疼痛持續的話，則有可能是椎間盤向椎管突出，壓住神經，形成了坐骨神經痛。這種病症在三十至五十歲的人群中最常見。

 

通常，在三十至四十歲的時候，我們的脊椎就會開始出現椎間盤不穩，這是因為我們的脊椎在用了這麼長的時間後開始出現松動的情況，所以我們的骨骼會自行進行增生，以保護及穩定我們的脊椎。這些增生的部分便是我們在X 光片中見到的骨刺。所以，大部分的骨刺並不會引起疼痛，毋須太過擔心。

除此之外，隨著年紀的增加，這樣的增生會令椎管變得狹窄，造成神經血液循環變差，在行走時，腿部會出現麻痹的情況，嚴重的甚至持續影響大小二便，這個時候就須要盡快請教醫生的專業意見了。

 

張啟然 骨科專科醫生

 

 

 

 

 

資料來源: www.hkej.com

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，  

應向自己的骨科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

骨刺很可怕嗎？(上)

曾經有一位老太太帶著她的X 光片氣衝衝地跑來問我： 「我從X 光中見到我有很多骨刺啊！怎麼辦？」經過我的臨床檢查，她只有輕微的腰痛症狀，只須保持適當的運動即可減輕痛楚，並非什麼大問題。

基因決定何時退化

那麼究竟什麼是骨刺呢？骨刺是很嚴重的病嗎？

我在教醫學生的時候，常常問他們： 「你們認為人的脊椎是從幾歲開始退化的呢？」答案五花八門，有學生說四十歲以後，也有人猜說大概五十至六十歲以後，然而，正確答案以上皆非。

 

事實是，當我們的骨骼成熟後，就立即開始退化的進程了。

正如一輛新車一樣，從它下地那一刻就開始磨損。

兩者之分別在於，人體會新陳代謝，所以我們的身體可以用上好幾十年，甚至一百年；然而，一般的車輛大概卻只能開十年左右。

我的病人當中，須要做椎間盤突出手術的、年紀最小的病人，年僅十三歲。這並非罕見的情況。

那麼，究竟是什麼因素決定我們的骨骼何時開始退化呢？

現階段，我們只知道它是由基因決定的，但是到底是由哪一組基因決定的尚未十分清楚。(續)

  張啟然 骨科專科醫生

 

資料來源: www.hkej.com

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，  
應向自己的骨科醫生查詢，而不應單倚

脊椎痛長卧床礙康復

【本報訊】都市人不時受到頸梗膊痛或腰痠背痛折騰，有時更會痛至坐立難安，甚至擔心脊椎出現嚴重問題。骨科醫生指出，脊椎痛症大多是短暫性勞損引起，八成 患者有一次嚴重的腰背痛，且不少人有脊椎側彎及骨刺，但只要沒有嚴重影響日常生活，毋須過份擔憂。痛症出現後要多活動強化肌肉，長時間卧床反會影響康復。
記者：伍雅謙

脊椎痛症在30至40歲人士非常普遍，骨科醫生張啟然表示，大部份痛症並非由嚴重疾病引起，常見頸腰痛都是椎間盤勞損，除非痛楚持續太長，才有機會是腫 瘤、骨折或受細菌感染。人體脊椎每節骨中間都有軟組織，稱為椎間盤，讓脊椎有軟韌度及吸震功能。若椎間盤勞損便會出現撕裂，甚至令患者無法走路，惟大部份 人可靠止痛藥舒緩，嚴重者則需到醫院注射止痛針，一般數日至數周便會自行痊癒。

椎間盤勞損有機會令中間的髓核向外突出，壓擠附近的神經線，形成椎間盤突出，若造成放射性痛楚，即坐骨神經痛。他說，椎間盤勞損常見於頸椎第四至七節，患 者肩膀至手部會受影響而疼痛。位於臀部以上的腰椎第四及五節，也是常見痛位，會影響臀部至小腿。一般會處方止痛藥舒緩患者痛楚，約六周內會痊癒。

惟嚴重者如壓着中樞神經，會導致四肢麻痹甚至致癱，便需切除突出的椎間盤放鬆神經。他提醒，雖然脊椎痛症大部份都可自癒，但大腦會記憶痛楚，若感到脊椎痛便應求醫，否則拖延太久，即使痊癒也會感到痛楚存在。

勤做運動　強化肌肉
他表示，止痛藥可舒緩患者痛楚，防止患者因疼痛而長期卧床，因患者躺床逾三日，康復速度會大減，完全康復的機率也大受影響。建議患者要保持活動，令肌肉不致萎縮，讓身體自行修補。痊癒後勤做運動，強化肌肉，鍛煉背部肌肉尤以游水最佳。

不少長者隨着年紀增長，椎間盤退化，為穩定脊椎便會出現增生情況，造成骨刺。除非骨刺增生至壓着神經線，否則大部份骨刺毋須特別治療。若椎間盤增生又無法 穩定脊椎，會出現脊椎滑脫的情況，需視乎情況進行手術。很多人都擔心脊椎移位，他指不少人有移位情況，只要沒有引起痛楚及影響日常生活便可。



新聞來源: http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20141009/18894407
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向自己的骨科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

Spine knowledge - Intervertebral Disc

INTERVERTEBRAL DISC (IVD) are located between the concave articular surfaces of the vertebral body endplates. IVDs form the most important and unique articulating system in the spine, allowing for multiplanar motion.

These fibrocarilaginous, composite structures make up one fourth of the total length of the spinal column. Discs are present from the C2-C3 interbody space to the L5-S1 interbody space. There is no disc between the skull (C0) and the atlas (C1), nor is there a true disc between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2).

Intervertebral discs are the cartilaginous joints of motion segments. A motion segment is composed of two adjacent vertebrae, the disc between them, the connecting capsular facet joints and the ligamentous structures attached to the vertebrae.

Each disc permits slight flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation and some circum-duction. Movement at a single motion segment is limited, but since motion segments are stacked on top of each other, considerable movement throughout the spine is possible. The greatest range of motion occurs in the cervical and lumbar areas, with smaller degrees of motion in the thoracic region.

Intervertebral discs are the largest avascular (without blood supply) structures in the human body. The discs are composed of the annulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus.

Reference information: ispine.com.hk

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your orthopedic doctors for diagnosis and treatment.

What is back pain?

1.      Degeneration

The rate of degneration is vary from people. Generally, the interverbral disc and joints will become unstable after aged 30, leading to back pain or sciatia caused by nerve compressions.

2.      Bone Projection / over-growth

Osteophytes (bone spur) form naturally on the back of the spine as a person ages and are a sign of degeneration in the spine. In most cases, the spur are not the source of back pains. However, if the bone projections compress the adjunct nerves and suppress the blood supply to the nerve, the patients would suffer pain in running or standing position.

3.      Others

If back pain caused by tumor/ cancer or bacterial infections, patients may experience persistent pain in back, leading to insomnia and other associated syndromes.  

Back pain - prevention

Exercise is an effective way to strengthen your muscles. The strong muscles can help to maintain a correct position of spine. Low-impact activities can increase overall fitness without straining the low back.

Back pain - treatment

1.      Physiotherapy. It can be classified as active and inactive treatment.

Active – effectively strengthen the patient’s muscle through persistent specific exercise. 

Inactive – relieve pain in specific position through micro-current therapy

Misconception:

Many patients believe that reductions of physical activity can relieve their pain conditions, however, it is incorrect as physical acticity can help to strengthen your muscle and relieve the pain in long term. You are recommend to consult physiotherapy to personalize an exercise plan for you.

Medication

Depends on the severity of pain, orthopaedic doctor would prescribe oral medications for pain reliever. If needed or pain persist, orthopaedic doctor may recommend for intramuscular or percutaneous injections of nerve blocks to control your back pain.

Surgery

Orthopaedic doctor would recommend for orthopaedic surgery if needed, especially for patients suffering:

i.                    Medications and physiotherapy treatments cannot manipulate the back pain

ii.                  Incontinence caused by nerve compression

iii.                Progressive muscle weakness caused by nerve compression

iv.                No improvement of pain conditions after 4-6 weeks physiotherapy treatment.

references: www.ispine.com.hk/

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your orthopedic doctors for diagnosis and treatment.