Spine Navigation Surgery – Procedures

Prior to surgery, patients undergo a series of CT scans. Once the images are downloaded into the navigation system, orthopaedic surgeon would perform a calibration process that is critical for the surgical outcome. Then Orthopaedic surgeon can then perform surgeries based on a 3-D anatomical picture of the patient. Orthopaedic surgeon insert a probing instrument through a small incision in the patient, and then the probe transmits signals back to the system. The system software integrates the patient’s CT scan with data from the digital camera probe, and then displays a real-time view on-screen of exactly where the instruments are positioned - throughout the procedure.

Spine Navigation Surgery – Pros & Cons

1.    In the traditional orthopaedic surgeries, screws are placed using a freehand technique or by fluoroscopy, which uses X-rays to capture an image on a television screen of the process of screw placement. Both patients and the staffs of operating room can be exposed to radiation and must use lead clothing for protection. The spine navigation surgery employ a special camera on a computer that uses infrared light to track a surgical instrument in 3D space that can reduce the X-ray exposures.

2.    Spine navigation surgery is performed on a 3D anatomical instead of 2D that can help orthopaedic surgeon to guide their instruments for precise screw placement

3.    The matching / calibration process is critical for surgical outcomes and experienced techniques are necessary.

4.    The benefits of spine navigation surgery must be weighed against potential complications from the surgery. Potential risks and complications include: anesthesia, infection, blood loss, nerve injury, possible re-operation and continued pain. Patients should consult with their orthopaedic surgeon for further details.

Reference information: www.ispine.com.hk

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your orthopedic doctors for diagnosis and treatment.

Intervertebral Disc

The ANNULUS FIBROSUS makes up the outer part of the disc. It consists of collagen fibers containing significant amounts of water and proteoglycans. These fibers are arranged in concentric layers called LAMELLAE. The lamellae are thicker and more numerous in the anterior part of the disc.

Within each lamella, the collagen fibres are oriented obliquely about 30º to the horizontal. The orientation is reversed in each contiguous layer, resulting in a 120º change from layer to layer. This interstriation of fibers imparts great tensile strength and allows for multiplanar motion. The structure of the disc is similar to a radial automobile tire, which also has great strength and simultaneous compression and tension capabilities.

The NUCLEUS PULPOSUS is the internal substance of the disc. The inner fibers of the annulus fibrosus gradually blend with the nucleus pulposus.

The nucleus pulposus is more gelatinous than the annulus and has a higher water and proteoglycan content. The water content can be 85% in young people; in older people, the water content of the nucleus pulposus may be less than 25%. The nucleus pulposus acts to resist compression in axial loading forces.

Besides allowing for motion, the discs act as shock absorbers to prevent injury to the vertebral bodies and neurological struc-tures. However, the discs are so strong that in compression, the vertebral body will fail before the discs fail.

Reference information: www.hkoa.org

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your orthopedic doctors for diagnosis and treatment.

後十字韌帶受傷

後十字韌帶受傷並不像前十字韌帶那樣常見。後十字韌帶扭傷通常是因為韌帶被過份拉扯或舒展, 膝蓋關節在前方被撞擊, 或失足而發生的。

後十字韌帶受傷會影響膝蓋關節的穩定因為脛骨可能向後沉。股骨和脛骨的末端會直接地互相摩擦, 對光滑的關節軟骨造成磨損而變成稀薄,。這磨損是會導致關節炎的。
 
處理後十字韌帶受傷
後十字韌帶撕裂的傷者通常都沒有關節不穩定的症狀, 因此手術一般是不需要的。在完成一個復康療程以後, 許多運動員能回復到傷前的活動能力而沒有重大的損傷。
但是, 如果後十字韌帶的受傷情況是後十字韌帶連著部份脛骨一起撕掉, 手術是需要將依附在韌帶上的骨固定在原來的位置。這手術後膝蓋關節的功能通常是相當好的。
 

參考資料: www.ispine.com.hk ,  http://hkoa.or

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，應向自己的骨科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

後十字韌帶受傷

後十字韌帶受傷並不像前十字韌帶那樣常見。後十字韌帶扭傷通常是因為韌帶被過份拉扯或舒展, 膝蓋關節在前方被撞擊, 或失足而發生的。

後十字韌帶受傷會影響膝蓋關節的穩定因為脛骨可能向後沉。股骨和脛骨的末端會直接地互相摩擦, 對光滑的關節軟骨造成磨損而變成稀薄,。這磨損是會導致關節炎的。
 
處理後十字韌帶受傷
後十字韌帶撕裂的傷者通常都沒有關節不穩定的症狀, 因此手術一般是不需要的。在完成一個復康療程以後, 許多運動員能回復到傷前的活動能力而沒有重大的損傷。
但是, 如果後十字韌帶的受傷情況是後十字韌帶連著部份脛骨一起撕掉, 手術是需要將依附在韌帶上的骨固定在原來的位置。這手術後膝蓋關節的功能通常是相當好的。
 

參考資料: www.ispine.com.hk ,  http://hkoa.or

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，應向自己的骨科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

旁系的韌帶受傷 (Collateral ligaments)

參考資料: www.ispine.com.hk ,  http://hkoa.org

旁系韌帶位於膝蓋關節的內側和外側。內側旁系韌帶(Medial Collateral Ligament MCL)是連接股骨和脛骨和提拱內側膝蓋的穩定。外側旁系韌帶(Lalteral Collateral Ligament LCL)是連接股骨到腓骨和提拱外側膝蓋的穩定。

 

內側旁系韌帶的受傷通常是由於膝蓋的外側受到撞擊而造成, 受傷後會感到尖銳的痛楚在膝蓋的裡面。外側旁系韌帶很少受傷的。

 

旁系韌帶受傷

如果內側旁系韌帶(MCL)只是部份撕裂, 通常保守治療已經可以。這是包括: 休息, 冰敷, 外壓和提高患處。

 

休息能給韌帶時間癒合。冰敷是應每次15到20分鐘, 每日二至三次。外壓患處能控制腫脹。您可以用繃帶作外壓, 而外支架能給膝關節休息。盡可能把膝蓋舉起。為了有好康復, 您應該咨詢您的醫生有關受傷後的康復療程。

 

如果旁系韌是完全的撕毀或無法癒合, 您可能需要動手術。修複手術可以有好的復完, 能有好膝蓋穩定性。在康復療程後, 許多人能恢復他們先前的活動水平。

康復療程對十字韌帶或旁系韌帶的受傷是不可少的。療程多數包括:

• 被動的膝關節屈曲和伸展去計恢復靈活性。
• 用外支架來控制關節的活動。
• 四頭肌的加強運動。(肌肉力量能在膝蓋關節負重時提供最大支持和固定。)
• 其他的鍛煉運動有高位子腳踏車, 跟隨著是激烈的四頭肌鍛煉。

用枴杖和外支架的時間是跟據您膝蓋康復程度而決定的。

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，應向自己的骨科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。